Individuals of all ages use probability to make decisions in everyday activities. For instance, when deciding whether to cross a street with traffic, people estimate the odds of making it safely across. Consider the prevalence of probability in your daily life. How does knowing the likelihood of something occurring affect how you make daily decisions? Usually, you choose an option because you believe that it will have a more pleasing outcome than the other choice(s). If you knew your likelihood of succeeding or failing, you would have an even easier time making a decision. Each decision you make is influenced by probability. Using what you know about probability might help you make decisions of low importance, such as purchasing goods, but it can also play a role in making critically important decisions. For example, scientists often use probability testing to evaluate the safety of drugs for human use and to help determine the likely outcome of other high-stakes decisions.
For this week’s Discussion, you will have the opportunity to practice your understanding by describing probability “in real life.” You will select one age group (elementary school students, high school students, or colleague/significant other) and explain how you would teach probability to that group.
To prepare: Think about examples of how individuals of various ages use probability to make decisions, and decide which age group you will write about in your discussion response.
Post the following:
Be sure to fully explain your rationale for each of your suggestions, and support your ideas with evidence from the text and Learning Resources.
Provide an APA reference list.
Assignment
This application will allow you to practice hypothesis testing by using z-scores to compare a single score to a population mean in order to determine if results are statistically significant. Download the data set that you will use for this Assignment from the Weekly Data Set forum found in Week 3. Be sure to watch this week’s instructional video in the introduction or Learning Resources folder before beginning your Assignment.
Scenario: Lucy wants to know how her fourth-grade daughter, Monica, scored on a test of reading comprehension compared to the population of other fourth graders in the school district. Luckily, Lucy has taken this course and knows that a z-score will help her understand Monica’s reading score in relation to the population. You can find the data for this Assignment in the Weekly Data Set forum found on the course navigation menu. (not posted yet) …will send once received,
Submit responses to the following:
Be sure to fully explain the rationale for your answer to each question, including evidence from the text and Learning Resources.
Provide an APA reference list.
References
Heiman, G. (2015). Behavioral sciences STAT (2nd ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage.
- Chapter 5, “Describing Data with z-Scores and the Normal Curve” (pp. 68–84)
- Chapter 6, “Using Probability to Make Decisions about Data” (pp. 88–102)
- Chapter 7, “Overview of Statistical Hypothesis Testing: The z-Test” (pp. 106–123)
Weekly Data Set: Your instructor will post the data set that you will need for the week’s Assignment to the Weekly Data Set forum found in the course navigation area of the classroom.
Laureate Education (Producer). (2015d). Introduction to z-score [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Note: The video is available in this week’s Introduction section
Laureate Education (Producer). (2015k). Probability and introduction to inferential statistics [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Note: The video is available in this week’s Introduction section
Rugg, G. (2008). Using statistics: A gentle introduction [E-book]. Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com/lib/waldenu/docDetail.action?docID=10229869&p00=statistics
StatSoft. (2015). Electronic statistics textbook. Retrieved from http://www.statsoft.com/textbook/elementary-statistics-concepts/
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